Simone678道菜！冬奥会运动员菜单发布，为什么菜里都不放胡椒？
的有关信息介绍如下：
上学的时候，小维每天会认真思考三个问题：
早饭吃什么？
午饭吃什么？
晚饭吃什么？
......
距离2022北京冬奥会还有81天，网友们都在思考：运动员参加冬奥会吃什么？
今天，答案来了。
央视新闻公布了冬奥会期间运动员们的菜单，整整678道菜！
（注意，本文含有大量中国传统文化素材，英语高分必学）
可以说，上学这么多年，纵横学校南北食堂，我也没见过这么多菜品。
Chinese hospitality will be fully enjoyed by global athletes at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics as the Games are providing 678 dishes to athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds with elements of the Chinese Lunar New Year and environmental protection highlighted to maximize the dietary experience of global athletes.
The menu, which has 678 dishes from 12 global regions, was released on Saturday by the China Central Television (CCTV) in a program together with the Beijing Organizing Committee.
一起来看看都有哪些菜吧～
部分菜单
看完菜单，羡慕的泪水不争气地从嘴角流了下来。
据说，由于胡椒属于食源性兴奋剂，所以不会出现在冬奥会运动员的菜单里。香叶等48种厨房常见原料也不能出现。
A total of 48 commonly used spices such as pepper and bay leaves will be left out of the meals to avoid false positives on doping tests, according to Yang Chen, chef of the Yanqing Village, one of three competition areas for the Winter Olympics.
我们从央视视频中可以看到，所有菜品的菜单都是中英双语。
那么问题来了，把中国菜翻译成英文必须遵守哪些规则？
菜肴名词翻译原则
一. 以主料为主，配料或配汁为辅的翻译原则
1.菜肴的主料和配料主料(名称/形状)+with+配料如：松仁香菇 Chinese Mushrooms with Pine Nuts
2.菜肴的主料和配汁主料 with /in+汤汁(Sauce)如：冰梅凉瓜 Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce
二. 以烹制方法为主，原料为辅的翻译原则
1.菜肴的做法和主料
做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)如：拌双耳 Tossed Black and White Fungus
2.菜肴的做法、主料和配料
做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)+配料如：豌豆辣牛肉 Sautéed Spicy Beef and Green Peas
3.菜肴的做法、主料和汤汁
做法(动词过去分词) + 主料(名称/形状)+with /in+汤汁如：川北凉粉 Tossed Clear Noodles with Chili Sauce
三. 以形状、口感为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴形状或口感以及主配料
形状/口感 + 主料如：玉兔馒头 Rabbit-Shaped Mantou脆皮鸡 Crispy Chicken
2.菜肴的做法、形状或口感、做法以及主配料
做法(动词过去分词)+ 形状/口感 + 主料 + 配料如：小炒黑山羊 Sautéed Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Parsley
四. 以人名、地名为主，原料为辅的翻译原则
1.菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料
人名(地名)+ 主料如：麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu (Sautéed Tofu in Hot and Spicy Sauce)广东点心 Cantonese Dim Sum
2.介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、主配料及做法
做法(动词过去式)+ 主辅料 + 人名/地名 + Style如：四川辣子鸡 Spicy Chicken, Sichuan Style北京炸酱面 Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style
五. 体现中国餐饮文化，使用汉语拼音命名或音译的翻译原则
1.具有中国特色且被外国人接受的传统食品，本着推广汉语及中国餐饮文化的原则，使用汉语拼音。
如：饺子 Jiaozi包子 Baozi馒头 Mantou花卷 Huajuan烧麦 Shaomai
2.具有中国特色且已被国外主要英文字典收录的，使用汉语方言拼写或音译拼写的菜名，仍保留其原拼写方式。
如：豆腐 Tofu宫保鸡丁 Kung Pao Chicken馄饨 Wonton
3. 中文菜肴名称无法体现其做法及主配料的，使用汉语拼音，并在后标注英文注释。
如：佛跳墙 Fotiaoqiang (Steamed Abalone with Shark's Fin and Fish Maw in Broth)
锅贴 Guotie (Pan-Fried Dumplings)
窝头 Wotou (Steamed Corn/Black Rice Bun)
蒸饺 Steamed Jiaozi (Steamed Dumplings)
油条 Youtiao (Deep-Fried Dough Sticks)
汤圆 Tangyuan (Glutinous Rice Balls)
粽子 Zongzi (Glutinous Rice Wrapped in Bamboo Leaves)
元宵 Yuanxiao (Glutinous Rice Balls for Lantern Festival)
驴打滚儿 Lǘdagunr (Glutinous Rice Rolls Stuffed with Red Bean Paste)
豆汁儿 Douzhir (Fermented Bean Drink)
艾窝窝 Aiwowo (Steamed Rice Cakes with Sweet Stuffing)
六. 可数名词单复数使用原则菜单中的可数名词基本使用复数，但在整道菜中只有一件或太细碎无法数清的用单数。
如：蔬菜面 Noodles with Vegetables葱爆羊肉 Sautéed Lamb Slices with Scallion
七.介词in和with在汤汁、配料中的用法1.如主料是浸在汤汁或配料中时，使用in连接。
如：豉汁牛仔骨 Steamed Beef Ribs in Black Bean Sauce
2.如汤汁或蘸料和主料是分开的，或是后浇在主菜上的，则用with连接。
如：泡椒鸭丝 Shredded Duck with Pickled Peppers
100道中国美食的英语翻译
1.螺蛳粉 Snail Rice-flour Noodles
2.桂林米粉 Guilin Rice Noodles
3.酸辣粉 Hot and Sour Rice Noodles
4.鸭血粉丝汤 Duck Blood Soup with Vermicelli
5.凉皮 Cold Rice Noodles
6.红油抄手 Wonton Soup in Hot and Spicy Sauce
7.麻辣烫 Malatang
8.羊肉泡馍 Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup
9.豆腐脑 Tofu Pudding
10.烤冷面 Grilled Cold Noodles
11.沙县小吃 Shaxian Snacks
12.麻辣小龙虾 Spicy Crayfish
13.正宗街边烤串 Proper Street Kebabs
14.羊肉串 Lamb Kebabs with Cumin
15.铁板鱿鱼 Teppanyaki Squid
16.臭豆腐 Stinky Tofu
17.哈尔滨红肠 Harbin Red Sausage
18.生煎包 Pan-Fried Baozi Stuffed with Pork
19.豆沙包 Baozi Stuffed with Red Bean Paste
20.奶黄包 Baozi Stuffed with Creamy Custard
21.叉烧包 Baozi Stuffed with BBQ Pork
22.小笼汤包 Baozi Stuffed with Juicy Pork
23.川北凉粉 Tossed Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce
24.夫妻肺片 Couple's Sliced Beef in Chili Sauce
25.皮蛋豆腐 Tofu with Preserved Eggs
26.桂花糯米藕 Steamed Lotus Root Stuffed with Glutinous Rice
27.酸辣蕨根粉 Hot and Sour Fern Root Noodles
28.大拉皮 Tossed Mung Clear Noodles in Sauce
29.酱牛肉 Beef in Brown Sauce
30.口水鸡 Steamed Chicken with Chili Sauce
31.白切鸡 Sliced Boiled Chicken
32.糖蒜 Pickled Sweet Garlic
33.蜜汁叉烧 Honey-Stewed BBQ Pork
34.梅菜扣肉 Steamed Pork with Preserved Vegetable
35.京酱肉丝 Sautéed Shredded Pork in Sweet Bean Sauce
36.北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck
37.糖醋排骨 Sweet and Sour Spare Ribs
38.鱼香肉丝 Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork
39.四喜丸子 Braised Pork Balls in Gravy Sauce
40.回锅肉 Sautéed Sliced Pork with Pepper and Chili
41.猪肉炖粉条 Braised Pork with Vermicelli
42.馋嘴蛙 Sautéed Bullfrog in Chili Sauce
43.涮羊肉 Hot Pot, Mongolian Style
44.羊蝎子 Lamb Spine Hot Pot
45.德州扒鸡 Braised Chicken, Dezhou Style
46.四川辣子鸡 Sautéed Diced Chicken with Chili Pepper, Sichuan Style
47.叫花鸡 Beggar's Chicken
48.盐焗鸡 Salt Baked Chicken
49.宫保鸡丁 Kung Pao Chicken
50.大闸蟹 Hairy Crab
51.醉蟹 Liquor-Soaked Crabs
52.臭鳜鱼 Smelly Mandarin Fish
53.水煮鱼 Sliced Fish in Hot Chili Oil
54.西红柿炒蛋 Scrambled Eggs with Tomato
55.鸡蛋羹 Steamed Egg Custard
56.麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu
57.开水白菜 Chinese Cabbage in Soup
58.蚝油生菜 Sautéed Lettuce in Oyster Sauce
59.松仁玉米 Sautéed Sweet Corn with Pine Nuts
60.素什锦 Sautéed Assorted Vegetables
61.地三鲜 Sautéed Potato, Green Pepper and Eggplant
62.蛋炒饭 Stir-Fried Rice with Egg
63.卤肉饭 Rice with Stewed Pork
64.皮蛋瘦肉粥 Congee with Minced Pork and Preserved Egg
65.小米粥 Millet Congee
66.腊八粥 Congee with Nuts and Dried Fruits
67.馄饨面 Wonton and Noodles
68.重庆小面 Chongqing Spicy Noodles
69.刀削面 Sliced Noodles
70.阳春面 Plain Noodle Soup
71.牛肉拉面 Hand-Pulled Noodle Soup with Beef
72.葱油拌面 Noodles in Scallion, Oil and Soy Sauce
73.担担面 Noodles in Chili Sauce, Sichuan Style
74.凉面 Cold Noodles with Sesame Sauce
75.干炒牛河 Stir-Fried Rice Noodles with Beef
76.葱油饼 Baked Scallion Pancake
77.疙瘩汤 Dough Drop and Assorted Vegetable Soup
78.烧仙草 Grass Jelly
79.双皮奶 Milk Custard
80.蛋黄酥 Egg-Yolk Puff
81.刨冰 Water-lce
82.醪糟汤圆 Tangyuan in Fermented Glutinous Rice Soup
83.杏仁豆腐 Almond Jelly
84.杨枝甘露 Chilled Mango Sago Cream with Pomelo
85.冰糖葫芦 Bingtanghulu
86.麻薯 Fried Glutinous Rice Cake Stuffed with Bean Paste
87.糯米糍 Glutinous Rice Balls
88.奶茶 Milk Tea
89.西湖龙井 Xihu Longjing Tea
90.碧螺春 Biluochun Tea
91.茉莉花茶 Jasmine Tea
92.铁观音 Tieguanyin Tea
93.普洱 Pu'er Tea
94.大红袍 Dahongpao Tea
95.菊花茶 Chrysanthemum Tea
96.台湾冻顶乌龙 Taiwan Dongding Oolong Tea
97.红茶 Black Tea
98.绿茶 Green Tea
99.二锅头 Erguotou
100.女儿红 Nu'er Hong
中国菜美食的分类
1. 八大菜系 Eight Famous Cuisines
鲁菜 Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)
川菜 Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)
粤菜 Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)
闽菜 Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)
苏菜 Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)
浙菜 Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)
湘菜 Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)
徽菜 Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)
2. 菜品分类 Types of Courses
凉菜类 Cold Dishes
热菜类 Hot Dishes
汤羹粥煲类 Soups, Congees and Casseroles
主食和小吃 Main Food and Snacks
【主食汤类】
烧饼 Clay oven rolls
油条 Fried bread stick
韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings
水饺 Boiled dumplings
蒸饺 Steamed dumplings
馒头 Steamed buns
割包 Steamed sandwich
饭团 Rice and vegetable roll
蛋饼 Egg cakes
皮蛋 100-year egg
咸鸭蛋 Salted duck egg
豆浆 Soybean milk
饭类稀饭 Rice porridge
白饭 Plain white rice
油饭 Glutinous oil rice
糯米饭 Glutinous rice
卤肉饭 Braised pork rice
蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee
客饭 curry rice
咖喱饭 fried rice
炒饭 plain rice
白饭 crispy rice
面类馄饨面 Wonton noodles
刀削面 Sliced noodles
麻辣面 Spicy hot noodles
麻酱面 Sesame paste noodles
鴨肉面 Duck with noodles
鱔魚面 Eel noodles
乌龙面 Seafood noodles
榨菜肉丝面 Pork , pickled mustard green noodles
牡蛎细面 Oyster thin noodles
板条 Flat noodles
米粉 Rice noodles
炒米粉 Fried rice noodles
冬粉 Green bean noodle
汤类鱼丸汤 Fish ball soup
貢丸汤 Meat ball soup
蛋花汤 Egg vegetable soup
蛤蜊汤 Clams soup
牡蛎汤 Oyster soup
紫菜汤 Seaweed soup
酸辣汤 Sweet sour soup
馄饨汤 Wonton soup
猪肠汤 Pork intestine soup
肉羹汤 Pork thick soup
鱿鱼汤 Squid soup
花枝羹 Squid thick soup
3.酒精类饮品 Alcoholic Beverages
国酒 Chinese Wines
洋酒 Imported Wines
白兰地与威士忌 Brandy and Whisky
金酒与朗姆酒 Gin and Rum
伏特加与龙舌兰 Vodka and Tequila
利口酒和开胃酒 Liqueurs and Aperitifs
红酒 Red Wine
不含酒精类饮品 Non-Alcoholic Beverages
中国饮品文化 Chinese Drinking Culture
中国茶文化 Chinese Tea Culture
中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture
看到这里，相信有很多人的口水已经打湿作业了，那么 “馋得流口水”咋用英语说呢 ？
口水：saliva
noun 英[səˈlaɪvə] 美[səˈlaɪvə ]
流口水：water
If your mouth waters, it produces a lot of saliva, usually because you can see or smell some food that you would like to eat.
例句：
The smell of that bread is making my mouth water!
那种面包的香味让我直流口水！
固定搭配：
make sb's mouth water
If the smell or sight of food makes your mouth water, it makes you want to eat it.
使（某人）馋得流口水，使（某人）垂涎欲滴
例句：
The smell of that bacon cooking is making my mouth water.
熏肉的香味令我垂涎欲滴。
你最想吃什么菜？
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